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Synthesizing Hope opens up the material and social world of
pharmaceuticals by focusing on an unexpected place: iThemba
Pharmaceuticals. Founded in 2009 with a name taken from the Zulu
word for hope, the small South African startup with an elite
international scientific board was tasked with drug discovery for
tuberculosis, HIV, and malaria. Anne Pollock uses this company as
an entry point for exploring how the location of the scientific
knowledge production matters, not only for the raw materials,
production, licensing, and distribution of pharmaceuticals but also
for the making of basic scientific knowledge. Consideration of this
case exposes the limitations of global health frameworks that
implicitly posit rich countries as the only sites of knowledge
production. Analysis of iThemba identifies the problems inherent in
global north/south divides at the same time as it highlights what
is at stake in who makes knowledge and where. It also provides a
concrete example for consideration of the contexts and practices of
postcolonial science, its constraints, and its promise.
Synthesizing Hope explores the many legacies that create conditions
of possibility for South African drug discovery, especially the
specific form of settler colonialism characterized by apartheid and
resource extraction. Paying attention to the infrastructures and
laboratory processes of drug discovery underscores the materiality
of pharmaceuticals from the perspective of their makers, and
tracing the intellectual and material infrastructures of South
African drug discovery contributes new insights about larger
social, political, and economic orders.
An event-by-event look at how institutionalized racism harms the
health of African Americans in the twenty-first century A crucial
component of anti-Black racism is the unconscionable disparity in
health outcomes between Black and white Americans. Sickening
examines this institutionalized inequality through dramatic,
concrete events from the past two decades, revealing how unequal
living conditions and inadequate medical care have become routine.
From the spike in chronic disease after Hurricane Katrina to the
lack of protection for Black residents during the Flint water
crisis-and even the life-threatening childbirth experience for
tennis star Serena Williams-author Anne Pollock takes readers on a
journey through the diversity of anti-Black racism operating in
healthcare. She goes beneath the surface to deconstruct the
structures that make these events possible, including mass
incarceration, police brutality, and the hypervisibility of Black
athletes' bodies. Ultimately, Sickening shows what these shocking
events reveal about the everyday racialization of health in the
United States. Concluding with a vital examination of racialized
healthcare during the COVID pandemic and the Black Lives Matter
rebellions of 2020, Sickening cuts through the mind-numbing
statistics to vividly portray healthcare inequalities. In a
gripping and passionate style, Pollock shows the devastating
reality and consequences of systemic racism on the lives and health
of Black Americans.
Synthesizing Hope opens up the material and social world of
pharmaceuticals by focusing on an unexpected place: iThemba
Pharmaceuticals. Founded in 2009 with a name taken from the Zulu
word for hope, the small South African startup with an elite
international scientific board was tasked with drug discovery for
tuberculosis, HIV, and malaria. Anne Pollock uses this company as
an entry point for exploring how the location of the scientific
knowledge production matters, not only for the raw materials,
production, licensing, and distribution of pharmaceuticals but also
for the making of basic scientific knowledge. Consideration of this
case exposes the limitations of global health frameworks that
implicitly posit rich countries as the only sites of knowledge
production. Analysis of iThemba identifies the problems inherent in
global north/south divides at the same time as it highlights what
is at stake in who makes knowledge and where. It also provides a
concrete example for consideration of the contexts and practices of
postcolonial science, its constraints, and its promise.
Synthesizing Hope explores the many legacies that create conditions
of possibility for South African drug discovery, especially the
specific form of settler colonialism characterized by apartheid and
resource extraction. Paying attention to the infrastructures and
laboratory processes of drug discovery underscores the materiality
of pharmaceuticals from the perspective of their makers, and
tracing the intellectual and material infrastructures of South
African drug discovery contributes new insights about larger
social, political, and economic orders.
An event-by-event look at how institutionalized racism harms the
health of African Americans in the twenty-first century  A
crucial component of anti-Black racism is the unconscionable
disparity in health outcomes between Black and white Americans.
Sickening examines this institutionalized inequality through
dramatic, concrete events from the past two decades, revealing how
unequal living conditions and inadequate medical care have become
routine. From the spike in chronic disease after Hurricane
Katrina to the lack of protection for Black residents during the
Flint water crisis—and even the life-threatening childbirth
experience for tennis star Serena Williams—author Anne Pollock
takes readers on a journey through the diversity of anti-Black
racism operating in healthcare. She goes beneath the surface to
deconstruct the structures that make these events possible,
including mass incarceration, police brutality, and the
hypervisibility of Black athletes’ bodies. Ultimately, Sickening
shows what these shocking events reveal about the everyday
racialization of health in the United States. Concluding with a
vital examination of racialized healthcare during the COVID
pandemic and the Black Lives Matter rebellions of 2020, Sickening
cuts through the mind-numbing statistics to vividly portray
healthcare inequalities. In a gripping and passionate style,
Pollock shows the devastating reality and consequences of systemic
racism on the lives and health of Black Americans.Â
In "Medicating Race," Anne Pollock traces the intersecting
discourses of race, pharmaceuticals, and heart disease in the
United States over the past century, from the founding of
cardiology through the FDA's approval of BiDil, the first drug
sanctioned for use in a specific race. She examines wide-ranging
aspects of the dynamic interplay of race and heart disease:
articulations, among the founders of American cardiology, of heart
disease as a modern, and therefore white, illness; constructions of
"normal" populations in epidemiological research, including the
influential Framingham Heart Study; debates about the
distinctiveness African American hypertension, which turn on
disparate yet intersecting arguments about genetic legacies of
slavery and the comparative efficacy of generic drugs; and
physician advocacy for the urgent needs of black patients on
professional, scientific, and social justice grounds. Ultimately,
Pollock insists that those grappling with the meaning of racialized
medical technologies must consider not only the troubled history of
race and biomedicine but also its fraught yet vital present.
Medical treatment should be seen as a site of, rather than an
alternative to, political and social contestation. The aim of
scholarly analysis should not be to settle matters of race and
genetics, but to hold medicine more broadly accountable to truth
and justice.
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